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Docker

这是一个 Docker 快速参考备忘单。你可以在这里找到最常用的 Docker 命令。

#入门指南

#入门

在后台创建并运行一个容器

$ docker run -d -p 80:80 docker/getting-started
  • -d - 以分离模式运行容器
  • -p 80:80 - 将主机端口 80 映射到容器端口 80
  • docker/getting-started - 要使用的镜像

在前台创建并运行一个容器

$ docker run -it -p 8001:8080 --name my-nginx nginx
  • -it - 交互式 bash 模式
  • -p 8001:8080 - 将主机端口 8001 映射到容器端口 8080
  • --name my-nginx - 指定一个名称
  • nginx - 要使用的镜像

#常用命令

示例 描述
docker ps 列出正在运行的容器
docker ps -a 列出所有容器
docker ps -s 列出正在运行的容器
(包括 CPU / 内存)
docker images 列出所有镜像
docker exec -it <container> bash 连接到容器
docker logs <container> 显示容器的控制台日志
docker stop <container> 停止一个容器
docker restart <container> 重启一个容器
docker rm <container> 删除一个容器
docker port <container> 显示容器的端口映射
docker top <container> 列出进程
docker kill <container> 杀死一个容器

参数 <container> 可以是容器 ID 或名称

#Docker 容器

#启动与停止

描述 示例
docker start my-nginx 启动
docker stop my-nginx 停止
docker restart my-nginx 重启
docker pause my-nginx 暂停
docker unpause my-nginx 取消暂停
docker wait my-nginx 阻塞容器
docker kill my-nginx 发送 SIGKILL 信号
docker attach my-nginx 连接到现有容器

#信息

示例 描述
docker ps 列出正在运行的容器
docker ps -a 列出所有容器
docker logs my-nginx 容器日志
docker inspect my-nginx 检查容器
docker events my-nginx 容器事件
docker port my-nginx 公共端口
docker top my-nginx 运行中的进程
docker stats my-nginx 容器资源使用情况
docker diff my-nginx 列出对容器所做的更改。

#创建

docker create [选项] 镜像
  -a, --attach               # 附加 stdout/err
  -i, --interactive          # 附
  -t, --tty                  # pseudo-tty
      --name NAME            # name your image
  -p, --publish 5000:5000    # port map (host:container)
      --expose 5432          # expose a port to containers
  -P, --publish-all          # publish all ports
      --link container:alias # linking
  -v, --volume `pwd`:/app    # mount (absolute paths needed)
  -e, --env NAME=hello       # env vars

#Example

$ docker create --name my_redis --expose 6379 redis:3.0.2

#Manipulating

Renaming a Container

docker rename my-nginx my-nginx

Removing a Container

docker rm my-nginx

Updating a Container

docker update --cpu-shares 512 -m 300M my-nginx

#Docker Images

#Manipulating

Example Description
docker images Listing images
docker rmi nginx Removing an image
docker load < ubuntu.tar.gz Loading a tarred repository
docker load --input ubuntu.tar Loading a tarred repository
docker save busybox > ubuntu.tar Save an image to a tar archive
docker history Showing the history of an image
docker commit nginx Save a container as an image.
docker tag nginx eon01/nginx Tagging an image
docker push eon01/nginx Pushing an image

#Building Images

$ docker build .
$ docker build github.com/creack/docker-firefox
$ docker build - < Dockerfile
$ docker build - < context.tar.gz
$ docker build -t eon/my-nginx .
$ docker build -f myOtherDockerfile .
$ curl example.com/remote/Dockerfile | docker build -f - .

#Docker Networking

#Manipulating

Removing a network

docker network rm MyOverlayNetwork

Listing networks

docker network ls

Getting information about a network

docker network inspect MyOverlayNetwork

Connecting a running container to a network

docker network connect MyOverlayNetwork nginx

Connecting a container to a network when it starts

docker run -it -d --network=MyOverlayNetwork nginx

Disconnecting a container from a network

docker network disconnect MyOverlayNetwork nginx

#Creating Networks

docker network create -d overlay MyOverlayNetwork

docker network create -d bridge MyBridgeNetwork

docker network create -d overlay \
  --subnet=192.168.0.0/16 \
  --subnet=192.170.0.0/16 \
  --gateway=192.168.0.100 \
  --gateway=192.170.0.100 \
  --ip-range=192.168.1.0/24 \
  --aux-address="my-router=192.168.1.5" \
  --aux-address="my-switch=192.168.1.6" \
  --aux-address="my-printer=192.170.1.5" \
  --aux-address="my-nas=192.170.1.6" \
  MyOverlayNetwork

#Clean Up

#Clean All

Cleans up dangling images, containers, volumes, and networks (ie, not associated with a container)

docker system prune

Additionally, remove any stopped containers and all unused images (not just dangling images)

docker system prune -a

#Containers

Stop all running containers

docker stop $(docker ps -a -q)

Delete stopped containers

docker container prune

#Images

Remove all dangling (not tagged and is not associated with a container) images:

docker image prune

Remove all images which are not used by existing containers

docker image prune -a

#Volumes

docker volume prune

Remove all volumes not used by at least one container

#Miscellaneous

#Docker Hub

Docker Syntax Description
docker search search_word Search docker hub for images.
docker pull user/image Downloads an image from docker hub.
docker login Authenticate to docker hub
docker push user/image Uploads an image to docker hub.

#Registry commands

Login to a Registry

$ docker login
$ docker login localhost:8080

Logout from a Registry

$ docker logout
$ docker logout localhost:8080

Searching an Image

$ docker search nginx
$ docker search nginx --stars=3 --no-trunc busybox

Pulling an Image

$ docker pull nginx
$ docker pull eon01/nginx localhost:5000/myadmin/nginx

Pushing an Image

$ docker push eon01/nginx
$ docker push eon01/nginx localhost:5000/myadmin/nginx

#Batch clean

Example Description
docker stop -f $(docker ps -a -q) Stopping all containers
docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q) Removing all containers
docker rmi -f $(docker images -q) Removing all images

#Volumes

Check volumes

$ docker volume ls

Cleanup unused volumes

$ docker volume prune